الاثنين، 27 أغسطس 2018

211-Hypercalcemia

About
Increase in calcium, above normal levels.
Assess
Elevated serum calcium levels; elevated blood pressure and heart rate; kidney stones, GI discomfort including constipation, hypoactive bowel sounds; decreased deep tendon reflexes, muscle weakness, confusion, lethargy
Complications
Injury; blood clots; kidney stones; dysrhythmias; coma
Diagnosis
  • Risk for injury related to risk for fractures
  • Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to nausea, appetite loss, ileus
  • Risk for decreased cardiac output related to tachy or bradycardia
Goals
  • The client will have decreased calcium levels below 10.5 mg/dl ( 2.75mmol/L) ( may have different parameters for each clinical agency).
  • The client will remain free from injury.
Interventions
  • Monitor VS.
  • Assess for adequate tissue perfusion, notify physician if cyanosis, pallor, or other indicators of tissue hypoxia.
  • Monitor heart rhythm  for dysrhythmias.
  • Administer calcium chelators or calcitonin, bisphosphonates, NSAIDS, ASA, etc. as ordered.
  • Administer IV fluids and oral fluids to maintain hydration.
  • Maintain a safe environment; monitor for cognitive changes or musculoskeletal weakness associated with imbalance.
  • Monitor for signs/ symptoms of complications.

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