الجمعة، 22 يونيو 2018

17-asthma

About
Airway obstruction caused by either constriction, bronchospasm, or inflammation.
Assess
Monitor airway, auscultate lung sounds, stridor ( indicates a respiratory airway emergency), inspiratory wheezes, expiratory wheezes, cyanosis, pulse oximetry, history of allergies, exposure to toxins or allergens, assess respirations, use of accessory muscles ( intercostals, diaphragm, etc), ease of breathing, triggers to asthmatic episodes. Medication history.
Complications
Status asthmaticus- administer medications prescribed by doctor to reverse airway obstruction, including antiinflammatories, bronchodilators, epinephrine, and O2.
Emergency intubation- if obstruction does not respond or client goes into cardiac or respiratory arrest, emergent endotracheal intubation may be necessitated.
Diagnosis
  • Ineffective breathing pattern related to anxiety
  • Anxiety related to inability to breathe effectively
  • Ineffective airway clearance related to narrowed airway and excessive mucous production
  • Activity intolerance related to inability to breathe effectively
Goals
  • The client will have a decrease in the amount of asthma attacks.
  • The client will be able to correctly administer prescribed inhalers.
  • The client will be able to state three interventions necessary during an acute asthma attack.
Interventions
  • Monitor clients lung sounds frequently for acute changes; if stridor ( harsh wheezing upon inspiration and expiration) is present, seek additional emergent treatment.
  • Monitor VS every shift, including pulse oximetry.
  • Administer IV steroids, as prescribed, making sure the client understands the need to taper the dose when discontinuing.
  • Administer inhalers, making sure to wait five minutes in between each inhaler. Bronchodilators should be first before antiinflammatories.
  • Teach client to deliver own inhaler. Assess need for a spacer or additional teaching needs.
  • Teach client trigger management for asthma, including pre-treatment prior to exercise and avoiding allergens and other triggers.
  • Encourage the use of a peak flow meter to monitor for changes and need for alterations in treatment.
  • Monitor for signs/ symptoms of complications.

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