Integumentary System
Equipment
Ruler
Lighting
Penlight
Gloves
Magnifying glass
Woods lamp
Nails Assessment
PE Technique :
Inspection
1-Color
Normal : pink
Abnormal: Pale, Bluish
2-Hygiene: Clean, Wally trimmed
Abnormal: Dirty ,
Conside ration : client work ,educat e for cleaning
3-Shape: Convex ,the angle between the nail bad and the nail is 160 degree
Abnormal : spoon shape 180 degree ,
early clubbing More than 180 degree ,
late clubbing
,Beau’s line
PE Palpation
1-Texture
Normal: smooth & thin
Abnormal: Hard & thick
2-Vascularity
Asse ssed by Blanch te st ( refill)
normal color returned within2 second
Skin Assessment
PE Technique
Inspection
1-Color : Evenly white to light brown
Abnormal: pale, cyanosis , yellowish &
Erythema ( local or general)
2-Marks and pigmentation :
Moles ,naive &birth marks normal
Abnormal : changing of Moles ABCD
Pigmentation :
petechiae : pin point red flat discoloration of skin impalpable
Purpura : hemorrhage into skin caused by decrease platelet ,liver disfunction
Ecchymosis : discoloration of skin called black and blue mark due to trauma
Lesion:
Macule : red ,less than 1cm flat as freckle
Papule :Solid elevated less than 0.5 cm such as warts &nevi
Patch : red flat more than 1cm 1stage pressure ulcer
Nodule s : Solid elevated deep than papule within 0.5-2 cm such as cyst
Vesicle : Accumulation of fluid in skin
elevated , less than 0.5 cm full of serous such as blister
Bullae : as vesicle but great than 0.5 cm
Pustule : such as vesicle less than 0.5 cm put full of pus such as acne
Wheal : local edema irregular elevation may be red or pale as insect bite
Palpation
1-Temperature
2-Texture : smooth evenly firm
Abnormal : roughness ( occupation , weather &chemical products
3-Moisture : dry some perspiration in palm ,axially , folded skin area
Abnormal : diaphoresis clammy
4-Mobility and Elasticity ( turgor)
Mobility
Elasticity
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