Classification of Surgeries
Accordingto Purpose:
1. Diagnostic:
• to verify diagnosis, e.g.: biopsy
2. Exploratory:
• to estimate the extent of the disease, e.g.
exploratory laparotomy
3. Cosmetic:
• To improve appearance, e.g. septoplasty
4. Transplant :
• Implantation of new organs, e.g. Heart or kidney
transplant
5. CurativeSurgery:
• To treat disease, can be classified into four
categories
Classification of Surgeries
Accordingto Purpose:
Classification of Surgeries According
to Purpose: (cont.)
Curative surgeries can be classified into:
1. Ablative:
removal of diseased organs. (-ectomy) e.g.
appendectomy, hysterectomy
2. Reconstructive:
partial or complete restoration of a damaged organ,
e.g. plastic surgery after burns
3. Constructive:
repair of a congenitally defective organ, (-plasty repair)
e.g. Orchidopexy
4. Palliative:
to relieve pain, relieve distressing (vagotomy)
Classification of Surgeries According
to Degree of Risk:
1. Major surgery: High degree of risk
-Prolonged intraoperative period
-Large amount of blood loss
-Extensive, vital organs may be handled or
removed
-Great risk of complications, e. g. kidney
transplant
2. Minor surgery: Lesser degree of risk to the client
-Generally not prolonged; described as “one-day
surgery”or outpatient surgery
-Leads to few serious complications
-Involves less risk, e.g. cyst removal
Classification of Surgeries According
to Urgency (cont.)
1. Emergency:
-must be performed immediately without delay
-e.g. gunshot wound, severe bleeding.
2. Imperative or Urgent:
must be performed as soon as possible within 24 –48
hours,
e.g. appendectomy
3. Required:
necessary for the well-being of the client, usually within
weeks to months,
e. g. cholecystectomy, cataract extraction, thyriodectomy
4. Elective:
should be performed for the client’s well being
but which is not absolutely necessary,
e.g. simple hernia, vaginal repair, repair of scar
5. Optional:
surgery that a client requests,
e.g. rhinoplasty, liposuction, mammoplasty
Perioperative Nursing phases
1. Preoperative phase
The period of time from the decision for surgery
until the patient is transferred into the operating
room.
2. Intraoperative phase
The period of time from when the patient is
transferred to the operating room to the admission
to post anesthesia care unit
(PACU).
3. Postoperative phase
The period of time that begins with admission to
the PACU and ends with follow-up evaluation in the
clinical setting or at home.
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